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![]() Step 1. Open the MiniTool program to enter its main interface, select the original hard drive from the disk map, and click on Copy Disk from the left action panel. Alternatively, you can select Migrate OS to SSD/HD Wizard to copy only the OS partition. MiniTool Partition Wizard Demo Click to Download 100%Clean & Safe Here’s how to clone your hard drive with the MiniTool program. Moreover, it’s a powerful partition manager that can extend/resize/shrink/merge partitions, convert FAT32 to NTFS, change cluster size, check disk health, change serial numbers, and more. It can help you upgrade a hard drive to SSD without data loss, back up Windows OS, and copy partitions. If it’s urgent for you to clone a hard drive, we highly recommend you use an alternative disk clone tool – MiniTool Partition Wizard. How to fix it when the clone failed with EZ Gig IV? Here we summarize 2 simple methods to fix the problem. ![]() ![]() How to Fix EZ Gig IV Clone Failed on Windows 10/11 Besides, an incompatible USB controller and outdated disk driver can trigger the Apricorn EZ Gig IV not working. So, the main reason is that bad sectors on the disk prevent the cloning process. What causes the EZ Gig IV SSD clone failed issue? According to user reports, the problem often occurs when cloning a bad hard drive to an SSD. the clone is stuck on those bad sectors, a mere 5% of the way into the job! Any suggestions on how to skip those parts of the disk? What Causes the Apricorn EZ Gig IV Clone Failed Error I'm using EZ Gig IV to clone the drive via a USB3 dongle. Samsung laptop has a hard drive that seems to be going bad - HN-M750MBB - and I am replacing it with a SanDisk 500 GB SSD. Here’s a true example from the Windows 7 forum: EZ Gig IV cloning problem. However, many of them encounter the EZ Gig IV SSD clone failed error. A lot of users upgrade their hard disk to SSD using EZ Gig IV. How to Fix EZ Gig IV Clone Failed on Windows 10/11Īpricorn EZ GIG IV is a piece of disk cloning software that can help you copy data, OS, settings, and email from a hard disk to an SSD or an external hard drive.What Causes the Apricorn EZ Gig IV Clone Failed Error.What causes the Apricorn EZ Gig IV not cloning? Is there an alternative to clone SSD? Now, let’s explore the answers together with MiniTool Partition Wizard. In order to perform CCNA and CCNP hands-on lab exercises, either you need the physical devices or a simulator.Many users encounter the Apricorn EZ Gig IV clone failed error. Since arranging physical devices, such as Cisco routers and switches is probably not possible for everyone. Fortunately, there are various simulators such as Cisco Packet Tracer and GNS3 that you can use to perform CCNA/CCNP and other hands-on lab exercises. In this post, you will get the direct links to download GNS3 IOS images for Cisco routers, ASA, switches, and even for Juniper routers. One of the great features of GNS3 simulator is that it allows you to perform real-life hands-on lab exercises. However, you need to download IOS images for GNS3 before you can perform the hands-on lab exercises. We assume that you have already downloaded and installed the GNS3 simulator on your system. ![]() If you have not yet worked with GNS3, we would highly recommend you to visit the following links that will guide you how to download and use GNS3. Using GNS3 is not as difficult as people think. Note: GNS3 IOS images are subject to copyright of the respective vendors. We assume you follow the legal license terms. You can download GNS3 IOS images for the different devices such as router, switch, and PIX and various platforms such as 2900, 3700, and 7200. Download C3725 IOS image for GNS3 link 1.Following are the list of some of the common GNS3 IOS images that are freely available to download.Īfter doing a lot of research on the Internet, we have collected the various links to download GNS3 IOS images. Note: Some of the above-mentioned links may not work because it might be possible that their URLs are changed or the IOS images are removed from the hosting server. If you are new to GNS3, don’t worry, we have posted a lot of step by step GNS3 tutorials for you. How to connect GNS3 routers to Cloud and physical network.How to install GNS3 on Windows step by step.Take a quick look at the following step by step GNS3 tutorials and start to learn from the beginning to advance GNS3 configurations. ![]() “It’s tempting to assume our hyperconnected 20-somethings are the authors of their own fate, and have only themselves to blame for not getting the best from their education. That would be flattering if it weren’t such a sad indictment of the state of higher education today, where classrooms have become a wasteland of digital distraction. Or it’s the only course in which they’ve learned something. Some students report this is the first time they’ve been able to concentrate on the course material. Grades go up, along with the quality of class discussion. Within a month, I get enthused reactions about how good it feels to be phone-deprived. Yet to pretty much everyone’s surprise, redemption comes to almost everyone. Some even drop out rather than suffer the indignity of being offline for an entire class. ![]() At the start of classes, students react with predictable shock and annoyance when I confiscate their phones. “It also turns out these self-styled digital natives don’t know anything more about digital than their elders. The sad truth is they suffer from a serious behavioral addiction that makes it pretty much impossible for them to pay attention to their instructors or classmates. On the surface, it looks like a perfect match: hyperconnected digital natives acquiring more knowledge about digital. ![]() The students in my courses are there to learn about telecom and internet technologies. Some unusual revelations have emerged since then – including some happy outcomes from going digital cold turkey. ![]() I later upped the ante by banning all digital devices in favor of pen and paper. That is what is so curious.”ĭavid Ellis, Ph.D., course director of the department of communication studies at York University in Toronto, said, “Several years ago I walked into my fourth-year class and, in a fit of pique, announced I was confiscating everyone’s phone for the entire three hours. We don’t seem to be able to maintain both. I wake up in the morning and cringe at how many emails I already have waiting for me to attend to, and the need to keep up takes away from my time in more concentrated and potentially productive endeavors.”Ī professor at one of the world’s leading technological universities who is well-known for several decades of research into human-computer interaction wrote, “For the worse: The ritual of a weekly phone call with friends where there seemed like enough ‘space’ to talk about things in a meaningful way has eroded to texting to ‘keep up.’ On the one hand, several of my friends feel more in touch because they are sharing memes, feel they are sharing witty things ‘on the spot,’ but there is less going into depth. I also worry that social media like Facebook, Twitter, etc., are increasing social anxiety and are as destructive as they are potentially beneficial in their facilitation of communications. The consequence for me physically is that I am sitting too much and I have chronic back and neck pain, as well as tendonitis, from repeated motion and leaning into a computer monitor. I email with a colleague two office doors down from me rather than arranging a meeting. … Also, we text and email in most of our personal communications now, too, rather than speaking by phone or meeting up in person. – or filling out a survey like this one! I would much rather be having this conversation via a phone survey than sitting and typing at my computer. We do everything electronically now -communications, writing/documentation, searching for information, etc. Carolyn HeinrichĬarolyn Heinrich, professor of public policy, education and economics at Vanderbilt University, wrote, “If someone would have told me I was going to spend 10-12 hours in front of a computer most days to do my job, I would never have chosen my current occupation, but it seems like most jobs these days require constant computer use. If someone would have told me I was going to spend 10-12 hours in front of a computer most days to do my job, I would never have chosen my current occupation, but it seems like most jobs these days require constant computer use. The following anecdotes speak to the themes that the internet has not helped some users’ well-being. But their own lives and observations give testimony that there are ways in which digital life has ill-served some participants. There were considerably fewer complaints about the personal impact among these expert respondents. In addition to being able to source the custom script from a package, it is often desirable to reference other packages. ![]() Read about passing parameters to scripts. This means you can write “vanilla” scripts that are unaware of Octopus, and test them in your local development environment. When you call external scripts (sourced from a file inside a package or git repository) you can pass parameters to your script. When sourcing a script from a file inside a package you cannot choose to run the step before packages are acquired. A script file inside a package (shown below).An ad-hoc or inline script, saved as part of the step itself, or.You may also select the source of the script, either: Remove web servers from a load balancer as part of a rolling deployment where access to the load balancer API is restricted The script will execute once per deployment target The script will run on the Octopus Server on behalf of the deployment targets with the web-server role. Scope variables to the Step in order to customize variables for this scriptĬalculate some output variables to be used by other steps or run a database upgrade process The script will run once on the Octopus Server For example, will be the deployment target’s nameĪpply server hardening or ensure standard pre-requisites are met on each deployment target The variables scoped to the deployment target will be available to the script. The script will run on each deployment target with either of the web-server or app-server roles If you choose to run the step on a worker, you will also need to select which worker pool Octopus should use for the step.Ĭhoosing the right combination of Target and Roles enables some really interesting scenarios. Run on a worker on behalf of each deployment target.If you do have workers configured you will see the following options: Run on each deployment target (default).Run on the Octopus Server on behalf of each deployment target.For instance, if you do not have any workers configured you will see the following options: The options will vary based on the infrastructure that’s available to you. When adding a script you choose where the script will run, and in which context the script will run. ![]() You can use all of the features we provide for custom scripts, like variables, passing parameters, publishing output variables, and collecting artifacts. You can run scripts contained in a package, in a git repository, or ad-hoc scripts you’ve saved as part of the step. You can run a script on the Octopus Server, on workers or across the deployment targets in roles.
Masha's character combines the characteristics of 4-year-old (making grammatical errors when speaking, crying when she is not given what she wants) with adult skills (playing tennis, fishing, making preserves, playing electric guitar and throwing tantrums). She loves sweets, jumping in a bucket, and looking at drawings of her and Bear. In the series, neither Masha's parents nor the parents of her friends are shown. Masha loves the bear very much, but in her games she tends to create problems for him. She lives in a house near a railway station near her house there is a path that leads to the Bear's house. Masha (a diminutive form of Maria) is a 4-year-old girl who is portrayed as naughty and hyperactive, and always thinks about playing. Characters Main Masha A sculpture of Masha and The Bear along with their friend Hare in Yelan. Characters also include a hare, squirrels and hedgehogs, a pig called Rosie, a goat, and a dog who all live in Masha's front yard. There are several supporting characters in the series, including Masha's cousin Dasha, a penguin adopted by the Bear, a young panda cub from China (the Bear's cousin), two wolves who live in an old UAZ ambulance, a tiger that used to work with the Bear in the circus, and a Female Bear that is the object of the Bear's affections. The kind-hearted Bear is always trying to keep Masha out of trouble. Masha's shenanigans result in unexpected but entertaining situations that are at the heart of the show's episodes. In each episode of the show, Masha is portrayed as a bright little girl who loves exploring the world around her. The Bear tries to get rid of Masha but after multiple failed attempts, the unlikely duo become friends. When he returns, he sees the disaster caused by Masha. While playing there, she makes a big mess. Then Masha sees a butterfly and inadvertently follows it inside the home of the Bear, who has gone fishing. In the first episode, it is shown that all the animals in the forest are afraid of her, as she is constantly forcing them to play with her. Masha is a four-year-old girl who lives in the forest with her pig, goat, and dog. It was the first Russian-produced animated TV show to be released in 4K. The show was first launched 2016 of June. In particular, the Russian-language version of the episode "Маша плюс каша" ("Maša plûs kaša" or "Recipe for Disaster") has almost 4.5 billion views as of April 2022, making it the site's twelfth most viewed video of all time, and the most viewed video on YouTube that is not a music video. Many of the episodes have been successful on YouTube. The show focuses on the adventures of a very young girl named Masha and her caring friend, the bear ( miška) that always keeps her safe from disasters. Masha and the Bear ( Russian: Ма́ша и Медве́дь, romanized: Máša i Medvéd' Russian pronunciation: ) is a Russian preschool comedy computer-animated television series created by Oleg Kuzovkov and produced by Animaccord Animation Studio, loosely based on the oral children's folk story of the same name. Magnet Link Size.Boris Kutnevich & Irina Kukushkina (Bear) Siberian Mouse.7z 19.25 GB Siberian Mouse. About 508 results (0.07 seconds) siberian mouse 2. Siberian+mouse search result, Torrent Magnet. Siberian Mouse Torrent Tonya 1st Studio Siberian Mouse Torrent Siberian Mouse Torrent. ![]() 1st Studio Siberian Mouse Custom MSH 45 avi torrent. 1st Studio Siberian Mouse S M 41 Masha Babko Foto Siberian Mouses. Of Video hd masha babko hard slideshow 46218 1st. ![]() 1st studio siberian mouse masha and veronika babko hard slideshow. Waizan Febru1st Studio Siberian Mouse Masha And Veronika Babko Hard Slideshow Av waizan. 1 st Studio VasilisaNK 008 Masha and Veronika. Mouses, siberian mouse forum, siberian mouse torrent, 1st studio. Related Torrents 1st Studio - Siberian Mouse - HD95 (Mod-MSH-04).avi 406.85MB 1St Studio Siberian Mouse Hd 124 (Msh-10) - Masha Babko.avi 348.37MB 1st-Studio Siberian Mouse HD93 (MSH-02).wmv 576.84MB. ![]() ![]() The Mac must also be using macOS High Sierra or later, the latest version of macOS Sierra or the latest version of OS X El Capitan. This post from MiniTool Partition Wizard introduces this macOS version to you and offers you the macOS Mojave download and install guide. For at sikre din computers fortsatte sikkerhed, stabilitet og kompatibilitet anbefaler Apple, at du bruger det nyeste macOS, der er kompatibelt med din Mac. This post introduces macOS Mojave (version 10.14) to you and shows you how to download and install this macOS version on your device. Download og installer nuværende eller tidligere versioner af Mac-operativsystemet på kompatible Mac-computere. To download an installer suitable for creating a bootable installer, use the App Store or use a web browser to download from a compatible Mac. Sådan downloader og installerer du macOS. Follow the onscreen installation instructions.Ī bootable installer can be useful if you want to install macOS on multiple computers without downloading the installer each time, or when you can't install using the other methods. Step 3: Open Finder Applications and right-click on Install macOS 10.14 Beta and select Show Package Contents. Open your Applications folder and double-click the macOS installer, named Install. pkg file, then follow the onscreen instructions to install the macOS installer into your Applications folder. If you are on macOS 10.14 or 10.15, download AltServer 1.6.2. Ly cm hng t sa mc Mojave California, macOS 10. dmg file to open it and see the package (.pkg) file within.ĭouble-click the. H iu hành dành cho MacBook mang tên macOS Mojave - macOS 10.14.ây là phiên bn th 15 ca macOS - h iu hành c quyn cho dòng máy tính Mac. Related: Free Download macOS 12 for VirtualBox-Direct Links. Since users might experience restrictions to download files due to their region or internet connections below other direct links are also given for Mojave Installer. This software includes open source software codes licensed under BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License.Use these links to download a macOS disk image (.dmg) file.ĭouble-click the. Use the direct links above to download Mac OS Mojave in DMG or ISO file format. Open source code notice (BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License) : This software includes open source software codes licensed under Curl license. The machine readable copy of the corresponding source code is available here. This software includes open source software codes licensed under Apple Public Source License, Version 2.0 ("APSL"). DMG Offline Installer via Direct Link/Torrent Link available below for clean manual installation without app store. Supported OS version and Latest information Or you can also Free Download macOS 10.14 Mojave. MacOS High Sierra 10.13 driver install issue Important notice for installing the driver software on macOS High Sierra 10.13 or later Important notice for installing the driver software on Mojave 10.14 This file will appear: XDJ-RX3_M_*.*.*.dmg ![]() Transmission and HandBrake are made by known developers, but they were hijacked to deliver malware. Unzip the downloaded file "XDJRX3M***dmg.zip". Using third-party apps to download an operating system is generally a bad idea. If you’re using macOS Catalina or later, use AUDIO DRIVER FOR MACOS ver. ![]() Please read the Manual for the installation procedure. Some features require a compatible Internet service provider fees may apply. Some features require an Apple ID terms apply. This driver will allow you to connect your XDJ to a computer. 12.5GB of available storage (OS X El Capitan 10.11.5 or later). ![]() I think I deny the charge because, I did not create harm to ![]() It would never reach the Chief Trial Counsel.ĭepartment of Health finally gets me on the charge of 'dirty floor' as a violator Is already known by stealing my outgoing mail, and I believe they gonna still this one, so I am publishing this because at this time USPS In this document, sent away first class mail (see receipt) on Monday, June 14th to theĬhief Trial Counsel, Homeland Security was first time accused of torture, they performed With white, so you can't see them anymore. On the same building 5939 W.Sunset, and on the 23rd somebody painted over the paintings On the 22nd of July, a week after denial of my asylum and work permit by crazy nazi criminal judge Isabel Bronzina they placed nazi kickout girl Los Angeles, this is the credible image of me, created by them. Of Homeland Security and the CIA credibility of the Program for Torture Victims, Between 1.4% asylum grant rateĬredibility of immigration judge Isabel Bronzina, Guantanomo Bay credibility Psychiatry on the abandoned 5939 W.Sunset building, I cross few times a day. Suddenly they (I think, the government) put this sample of the experimental Right in the russian text of this document. You actually see, that he wrote Quite Soulless 'What?' - I mean Russia is not like English He asked: 'What's the name of my next project?'. And they issued this advisory mandate to the Ministry of the With suspicion of terrorizm (I was caught with the camera on the street of Moscow, notĪ tourist, mental patient without a proper explanation - in Russia you can't walk that easily Next project?' - he noticed from my mental file that I got arrested a few times Pulled by the russian Ministry of Culture and Mass Propaganda out of the mental ward inĢ006, I was asked by this clerk of the Ministry - 'What's the name of my There are no real hearings happenning, that's all fantasies of some sicko, Pressing RIGHT MOUSE BUTTON on this link and then 'Save target as.')Ĭall for hearing from DOJ, 24th of June 2010 (Some people wrote about 'Space Spy' that it's all bullshit, With work permit are illegal (this motion document), come on, normal person speaking here, the attorney.(jpg)Īnother document of the same nature (pdf, 0.6MB, download by My attorneys believe that the games government playing with asylum clock to non grant me 'The secret service of Homeland Security' approached me on the 18th of February, 2010, while I was exiting the courtroom,Īnd in this document my attorney witnessed this. The man who said that he is the representative of The US Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) representative J.Sommer claims that author's petition and testimony The testimony of doctor Bitar shows that author does not meet The russian military ID shows that author can't work for army at any position The document from Tekstil'shiki, Russia internal affairs office, where it's mentioned Refugee - The Second Hearing - by Vasily Zotov ![]() Potential winners will receive a winner notification by Administrator or Sponsor via message to their Facebook account. ![]() Potential winners will be selected and verified to ensure they have met all promotion guidelines. RANDOM DRAWING: Potential winner will be chosen from among all eligible entries/comments received throughout the Sweepstakes Period on or about Decemby an independent judging agency on behalf of Sponsor, whose decisions are final and binding in all matters relating to this Sweepstakes. By entering this Sweepstakes, each Entrant agrees that the Sponsor has the right to contact the Entrant by Facebook Messenger to administer and fulfill this Sweepstakes.ģ. Similarly, Sponsor shall not be held liable if they are not able to view an Entrant's entry for any reason, including the failure on behalf of Entrant to adjust his/her Facebook account settings accordingly. An Entrant's non-receipt of a message from Sponsor for any reason, including for failure on behalf of Entrant to adjust Facebook account settings, shall be Entrant's, and not Sponsor's fault. It is solely Entrant's burden to take any steps necessary to adjust his/her Facebook account settings so that messages can be sent by Sponsor. For this purpose, Entrants will have to set Facebook account settings to 'Public', and take any further necessary steps to ensure receipt of any communication from Sponsor. PLEASE NOTE: Entrants must adjust their Facebook account settings to allow for receipt of messages from Sponsor. If you have any questions regarding the Sweepstakes direct them to the Sponsor and not to Facebook. By entering, you are providing the information to Sponsor, and not to Facebook. This Sweepstakes is not sponsored, endorsed, administered by or associated with Facebook. Each individual submitting an entry may be referred to hereafter individually as an "Entrant" and collectively as "Entrants". ![]() All posts must be public to count as entry. To enter, during the Sweepstakes Period, visit the PEEPS ® candy page on Facebook at Once there, follow the instructions provided in the Sweepstakes post caption which instructs consumers to comment on a post and automatically receive one (1) entry into the Sweepstakes. Eastern Time ("ET") on Novemand ends at 11:59:59 p.m. HOW TO ENTER: PEEPS ® 8-BIT CHRISTMAS Sweepstakes (the "Sweepstakes") begins at 12:00:01 a.m. By participating, Entrants (or their parent/legal guardian, if Entrant is deemed a minor in the state of his/her residence) agree to these Official Rules and the decisions of the Sponsor, which are final and binding in all matters relating to this Sweepstakes.Ģ. ("Prize Provider) and each of their respective parent entities, subsidiaries and affiliated companies, advertising, promotion, or production agencies (and their respective IRS dependents, immediate family members and individuals residing in their same household, whether or not related) are not eligible to participate. ("Sponsor"), Coyne PR ("Administrator"), Vertical Marketing ("Agency"), Warner Bros. Employees and directors of Just Born, Inc. The PEEPS ® 8-BIT CHRISTMAS Sweepstakes is open only to individuals who, as of entry date, are thirteen (13) years of age and older. ![]() A PURCHASE WILL NOT ENHANCE CHANCES OF WINNING. CLOSE X PEEPS ® 8-BIT CHRISTMAS SWEEPSTAKESġ. ![]() ![]() Just one thing you should know: most of the virtual printers will ask you about destination folder path and output file name if you virtually print documents. A lot of time thus may be saved by means of Print Conductor! ![]() The software is free for non-commercial use and has been designed to batch print XPS to PDF. There is a solution to this that is called Print Conductor software. In case there are several XPS documents that you need to print to PDF, open the very first document, click “Print”, select virtual printer, print to PDF, then close XPS, open “next” and click “Print” again… It looks like the job that has to be automated, doesn’t it? Universal Document Converter can also save your XPS file as an image file. Your document will be saved as a PDF file and can also be physically printed further on if you wish. To convert XPS to PDF you just need to virtually “print” your XPS document instead of using a printer made of metal or plastic. This product is able not only to create PDF files, but also to convert your documents to images like JPG, TIFF, PNG and others. In case if don’t have any virtual printer installed on your PC, look at Universal Document Converter software. And Adobe Acrobat PRO contains virtual printer for creating PDF files. For example, Microsoft distributed virtual printer for creating XPS files as a part of Microsoft Office. Most of the people already have virtual printers installed on their computers. To share XPS files one usually needs to convert them to PDF, and the easiest way to do so is to print the XPS files as PDF files using a virtual printer. Microsoft designed XPS as “PDF killer”, but PDF seems to be much more popular, and who knows, maybe future Windows 9 version will not provide support for the XPS files as well? In case you have older Windows versions, PDF Reader is provided by Adobe free of charge. It’s a default capacity of Windows 8, for example. But both of them can open PDF and JPG!īy the way, all computers now are able to open PDF files. But what if your customer works on Mac or prefers to check email on iPad? Both of these devices don’t have preinstalled software to open XPS files. Microsoft Office 2007 and all newer versions of this software contain ability to export documents to XPS.Īs you see, sharing XPS documents between Windows computers is easy. XPS was introduced in Windows Vista as alternative of Adobe PDF format. XPS file format designed in 2006 by Microsoft as a solution for sharing and archiving documents. What is Lead? Occurrence of the Lead Element The ancient 'Metals of Antiquity' together with their approximate dates of discovery and use are Gold (6000BC), Copper (9000BC), Silver (4000BC), Lead (6400BC), Tin (3000BC), Iron (1500BC) and Mercury (1500BC). Lead is one of the metals referred to as one of the 'Metals of Antiquity'. The ancient Romans used lead for making water pipes, cooking utensils and storage vessels which were used in most major cities in the empire. Heavy and resistant to water, lead was used by the ancients making of weights and sinkers. Galena, lead sulfide, the ore it could easily be extracted from in open fires and was used widely for cosmetics by the Ancient Egyptians. Lead was discovered was discovered in Ancient times and used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Chinese. For additional facts and information refer to Lead Properties.įacts about the Discovery and History of the Lead Element It is soft, easily fused (melting at 327°), and quite malleable, but has little toughness or strength. Lead is a heavy metal which has a brilliant silvery luster on a freshly cut surface, but which soon tarnishes to a dull blue-gray color. What is Lead? The Properties of the Lead Element Nearly 75% of all the elements in the Periodic Table are classified as metals which are detailed in the List of Metals. The chief producers of lead are the USA, Australia and Canada. It is a bluish-white metallic element which is seldom found uncombined in nature, however, a compound of lead, called galena, is widely distributed. In a general overview of the element we can at first describe Lead as a solid. All of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density and are opaque. Lead is classified in the 'Other Metals' section which can be located in groups 13, 14, and 15 of the Periodic Table. What is Lead? Periodic Table Group and Classification of the Lead ElementĮlements can be classified based on their physical states (States of Matter) e.g. Plumbism is the medical term for lead poisoning. A Roman worker in lead was called a plumbarius, hence the name plumber which started to be used in the 19th century when lead water pipes became the principal work of the trade. The symbol for lead 'Pb' originates from the word 'plumbum' which is the Latin name for lead. ![]() Origin / Meaning of the symbol for Lead (Pb) It was used as a pigment in the production of used in painting and in particular for illuminating manuscripts. Red lead was prepared by heating white lead to a very high temperature. The English name 'lead' is derived from the Celtic word 'luaide' meaning reddish, because of the colour of red lead, or lead tetroxide. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.What is Lead? Origin / Meaning of the name Lead Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5). ![]() ![]() The data are adapted from references 1-3. I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. ![]() The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, and Cl 2 molecules relative to the Fermi level for metals and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors. All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. 1967, 47, 1300.Įlectron binding energies Electron binding energies for lead. These effective nuclear charges, Z eff, are adapted from the following references: |
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